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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 23(6): 410-418, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089316

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Studies related to infectivity status of insect vectors are seen as necessities in understanding the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases and planning effective control measures. This study assessed the infectivity ofSimulium damnosum s.l. around Owena River as well as evaluated therapeutic coverage of Ivermectin distribution in the area. Method: Human landing sampling method was used to collect adult flies on human attractants from 07:00 to 18:00 for two consecutive days a month for three months (July 2016 - September 2016). Parity assessment was conducted to determine the age of fly populations. Parous flies were further dissected to detect the presence or absence ofOnchocerca larvae. Biting rates and transmission potentials were calculated using standard methods. A quantitative survey was carried out to determine the therapeutic coverage and compliance to ivermectin treatment for the control of Onchocerciasis in the study area using standard household coverage questionnaires. Results: A total of 914 adult female flies were collected during the study period. The daily biting rate (DBR) varied from 146 fly per man day (FMD) in July to 162.5 FMD in August. The monthly biting rate (MBR) was lowest in September (2170 bites per man per month) but highest in August (3358.3 bites per man per month). MBD ranged from 13.23 fly per man hour (FMH) in July to 14.77 FMH in August. The results indicated that the majority of the flies collected at the sampling points were nulliparous [685 (74.95%)] while others were parous [229 (25.05%)]. The biting activity of the flies showed a marked decrease in population in August compared to July which later increased in September. Infection rates varied from 2 (0.7%) in July to 7 (2.2%) in August while the infectivity rate during the study ranged from zero (July and September) to 3 (1.0%) in August. Conclusion: Despite the years of treatment of onchocerciasis in Owena community, there were still some infective flies capable of transmitting O. volvolus. This could be due to the low rate of therapeutic coverage as a result of non-compliance in the community for various reasons earlier stated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Onchocerciasis/drug therapy , Onchocerciasis/transmission , Simuliidae/parasitology , Ivermectin/therapeutic use , Insect Bites and Stings/drug therapy , Antiparasitic Agents/therapeutic use , Onchocerciasis/parasitology , Rivers , Insect Bites and Stings/parasitology , Insect Bites and Stings/epidemiology , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Nigeria/epidemiology
2.
Rev. cuba. plantas med ; 21(3)jul.-set. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-845103

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en algunas poblaciones de la Orinoquia colombiana y/o venezolana venden, en plazas de mercado, los aceites de cascarillo y sasafrás; estos aceites son empleados para aliviar dolencias como artritis reumática, afecciones respiratorias y tratar picaduras de insectos y animales ponsoñosos. Los productos se obtienen de la especie Ocotea cymbarum Kunth, la cual tiene una abundante sinonimia botánica como Alseodaphne cymbarum,Licaria cymbarum, Misanteca cymbarum, Nectandra barcellensis, Nectandra cymbarum, Nectandra elaiophora, Nectandra oleífera y Ocotea barcellensis. Objetivo: realizar un análisis comparativo de las características fisicoquímicas del aceite esencial de cascarillo y/o sasafrás (posible Ocotea cymbarum Kunth). Métodos: la composición química relativa de los aceites obtenidos de madera y corteza fue determinada mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM), el cálculo y comparación de índices de retención en columnas de polaridad ortogonal y la comparación de los espectros de masas por impacto electrónico con los de las bases de datos NIST08.L, Wiley9.L. Resultados: fueron determinados 45 compuestos en las muestras analizadas y más del 90 por ciento de la composición relativa establecida para cada aceite corresponde a compuestos monoterpénicos principalmente alcanfor y alfa-terpineol. Al realizar un análisis de las rutas biosintéticas que conducen a la generación de los principales compuestos detectados en los aceites analizados, se evidenció que las especies de donde se obtuvieron estos aceites, presentan diferentes grados de evolución micromolecular. Conclusión: los aceites de cascarillo y sasafrás provienen de especies vegetales con diferentes grados de evolución química. Este resultado refuerza la evidencia de la alta diversidad biológica de la familia Lauraceae. El trabajo fue realizado con el apoyo financiero del Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Vegetales del departamento de Química de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Bogotá(AU)


Introduction: cascarilla and sassafras oils are sold in market places of some settlements in the Colombian and/or Venezuelan Orinoquía. These oils are used to alleviate conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and respiratory disorders, and to treat the bites of insects and poisonous animals. The oils are obtained from the species Ocotea cymbarum Kunth, which displays abundant botanical synonymy as Alseodaphne cymbarum, Licaria cymbarum,Misanteca cymbarum, Nectandra barcellensis, Nectandra cymbarum, Nectandra elaiophora, Nectandra oleífera and Ocotea barcellensis. Objective: carry out a comparative analysis of the physicochemical characteristics of essential oil of cascarilla and/or sassafras (Ocotea cymbarum Kunth).Methods: the relative chemical composition of oils obtained from wood and bark was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Estimation and comparison of retention indices was conducted with orthogonal polarity columns. Comparison of electron impact mass spectra was performed with the databases NIST08.L and Wiley9.L. Results: forty-five compounds were determined from the samples analyzed. More than 90 percent of the relative composition established for each oil corresponds to monoterpenic compounds, mainly camphor and alpha-terpineol. Analysis of the biosynthetic pathways leading to the generation of the main compounds detected in the oils studied, showed that the species from which the oils were obtained exhibit varying degrees of micromolecular evolution. Conclusion: cascarilla and sassafras oils are obtained from plant species at varying stages of chemical evolution. This result constitutes additional evidence of the great biological diversity of the Lauraceae family. The study was conducted with financial support from the Natural Plant Products Laboratory of the Chemistry Department at the National University of Colombia at Bogotá(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Arthritis/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Diseases/drug therapy , Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use , Chromatography, Gas/methods , Insect Bites and Stings/drug therapy , Animals, Poisonous/injuries , Colombia , Ocotea/chemistry
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 47(4): 235-238, July-Aug. 2005. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-411381

ABSTRACT

A partir de um acidente causado pela picada de uma formiga falsa tocandira na mão de um pescador amador, os autores descrevem os achados clínicos locais observados, tais como edema, eritema e dor excruciante e a evolução do envenenamento, que cursou com fenômenos sistêmicos imediatos, como sudorese fria, náuseas, vômitos, mal estar, taquicardia e linfadenopatia axilar à esquerda. Após três horas, a dor intensa persistia e o paciente apresentou um episódio de hematoquesia, sem história anterior de enfermidades do trato digestivo, hematológicas ou vasculares. O uso de analgésicos (Tramal® 300 mg/dia), água quente e gelo não melhorou a dor, que arrefeceu em oito horas, tendo permanecido por cerca de 24 horas. São apresentados ainda os aspectos folclóricos, farmacológicos e clínicos relacionados às picadas de tocandiras.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ant Venoms/toxicity , Ants , Insect Bites and Stings/complications , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Ants/classification , Folklore , Insect Bites and Stings/drug therapy , Pain/drug therapy , Pain/etiology , Tramadol/therapeutic use
4.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 16(1): 28-41, 2000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-274562

ABSTRACT

Existen muchos artrópodos que afectan al hombre y a animales. Algunos artrópodos sólo producen manifestaciones cutáneas o sistémicas, otros son vectores de diversas enfermedades. Las picaduras y mordeduras de artrópodos son un motivo de consulta muy frecuente en la práctica dermatológica diaria, la mayoría de diagnóstico y tratamiento fácil, sin complicaciones. A veces, sin embargo, las manifestaciones puden ser tan greves que producen la muerte. En ocaciones, por ejemplo, en pacientes que han viajado al extranjero, el diagnóstico de las lesiones puede ser difícil, y es necesario profundizar en los diagnósticos diferenciales. En este artículo revisamos las patologías cutáneas más frecuentes producidas por distintos artrópodos de las clases Insecta y Aracnida, tales como abejas, pulgas, moscas, chinches, vinchucas, arañas y escorpiones. Se describen con detalle las distintas manifestaciones cutáneas y sistémicas y se entregan algunos elementos teóricos en el tratamiento de éstas


Subject(s)
Humans , Anaphylaxis/drug therapy , Anaphylaxis/etiology , Arthropods/pathogenicity , Insect Bites and Stings/diagnosis , Insect Bites and Stings/drug therapy , Skin Diseases/etiology , Bedbugs/pathogenicity , Bees/pathogenicity , Butterflies/pathogenicity , Psychodidae/pathogenicity , Siphonaptera/pathogenicity , Spider Bites/diagnosis , Spider Bites/drug therapy , Triatoma/pathogenicity , Urticaria/etiology
5.
An. bras. dermatol ; 71(6): 527-30, nov.-dez. 1996. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-195802

ABSTRACT

Revisäo de aspectos históricos, epidemiológicos, clínicos e terapêuticos de acidentes por picadas de formigas, inclusive por formiga-de-fogo ou lava-pés, de observaçÝo pessoal. É dada ênfase às espécies venenosas brasileiras e ao papel dos dermatologistas na identificaçäo do problema.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals, Poisonous/classification , Ants/classification , Insect Bites and Stings/diagnosis , Insect Bites and Stings/drug therapy , Arthropods
7.
Salud pública Méx ; 28(1): 83-91, ene.-feb. 1986. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-59044

ABSTRACT

La picadura de alacrán es un problema de salud pública en la ciudad de León, Gto. La Cruz Roja Mexicana de esta ciudad atiende anualmente un promedio de 6,426 pacientes que sufren picadura de alacrán. En esta revisión se realiza un análisis epidemiológico y clínico de los casos registrados en 1983 y 1984, evaluando el tratamiento farmacológico empleado. Se concluye que el suero antialacrán ofrece un alto índice de seguridad en su manejo y reafirma ser un medicamento de primera elección Asimismo, es necesario desarrollar investigación en el área epidemiológica, clínica y de laboratorio, a fin de lograr una solución a este problema


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Scorpions , Immune Sera/therapeutic use , Insect Bites and Stings/epidemiology , Immune Sera/administration & dosage , Insect Bites and Stings/drug therapy
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